9至11岁英国儿童在一年内学校因素影响下的变化外文翻译资料

School related factors and 1yr change in physical activity amongst 9–11 year old English

Schoolchildren.

9至11岁英国儿童在一年内学校因素影响下的变化。

Joyce A Mantjes1,2, Andrew P Jones2,4, Kirsten Corder4, Natalia R Jones2,4, Flo Harrison2,4, Simon J Griffin3,4and Esther MF van Sluijs3,4*

乔伊·A·曼提斯，安德鲁·P·琼斯，克里斯汀bull;科德，纳塔莉·R·琼斯，弗洛·哈里森，西蒙·J·格里芬和艾斯泽尔·凡·斯拉基斯

Abstract

Background: Activity levels are known to decline with age and there is growing evidence of associations between

the school environment and physical activity. In this study we investigated how objectively measured one-year

changes in physical activity may be associated with school-related factors in 9- to 10-year-old British children.

摘要：

背景:活动水平随着年龄增长而下降,越来越多的证据证明体育活动和学校环境之间存在关联。在这项研究中我们调查如何客观地衡量9 - 10岁的英国儿童在一年身体活动的变化可能与学校相关因素存在的联系。

Methods: Data were analysed from 839 children attending 89 schools in the SPEEDY (Sport, Physical Activity, and Eating behaviours: Environmental Determinants in Young People) study. Outcomes variables were one year changes in objectively measured sedentary, moderate, and vigorous physical activity, with baseline measures taken when the children were 9–10 years old. School characteristics hypothesised to be associated with change in physical activity were identified from questionnaires, grounds audits, and computer mapping. Associations were examined using simple and multivariable multilevel regression models for both school (9 am – 3 pm) and travel (8–9 am and 3–4 pm) time.

方法:数据分析法。

数据的分析是基于89所学校里839名参加学校高效运动（体育、物理运动和饮食均衡习惯：年轻人的环境决定因素）研究。测试样本是9-10岁的儿童，结果变量变化客观测量久坐不动的一年,温和和剧烈的身体活动下的变化。依据审计和利用电脑制图，根据学校的特点和身体活动的变化确定了问卷。利用简单检查和多元多层回归模型在学习时间（早上9点-下午3点）和校外时间（8 - 9点和下午3 - 4点）进行调查。

Results: Significant associations during school time included the length of the morning break which was found to be supportive of moderate (beta; coefficient: 0.68 [p: 0.003]) and vigorous (beta; coefficient: 0.52 [p: 0.002]) activities and helps to prevent adverse changes in sedentary time (beta; coefficient: -2.52 [p: 0.001]). During travel time, positive associations were found between the presence of safe places to cross roads around the school and changes in moderate (beta; coefficient: 0.83 [p:0.022]) and vigorous (beta; coefficient: 0.56 [p:0.001]) activity, as well as sedentary time (beta; coefficient: -1.61 [p:0.005]).Significant associations

发现:在校期间包括早间休息的长度被发现和温和活动(beta;系数:0.68[p:0.003])及活力活动beta;系数:0.52[p:0.002])对帮助防止由久坐不动引起的不良身体发育呈显著相关。在校外时间，积极相关在安逸的学校四周的交叉口不显著的变化(beta;系数:0.83[p:0.022])级激烈变化(beta;系数:0.56[p:0.001])同久坐不动的时间关系(beta;系数:-1.61[p:0.005])被发现了。

在校外期间,积极的协会之间的存在被发现安全的地方学校周围的道路交叉和温和的变化(beta;系数:0.83[p:0.022])和激烈(beta;系数:0.56[p:0.001])活动,以及久坐不动的时间(beta;系数:-1.61[p:0.005])。

Conclusion: This study suggests that having longer morning school breaks and providing road safety features such as cycling infrastructure, a crossing guard, and safe places for children to cross the road may have a role to play in supporting the maintenance of moderate and vigorous activity behaviours, and preventing the development of sedentary behaviours in children.

结论：这项研究表明，拥有更长时间的早上课间休息时间、提供道路安全特性比如自行车基础设施、协管员和安全的地方过马路，都在孩子防止久坐引发健康问题的事件中担当一个重要的支持及维持缓和、剧烈运动的行为活动。

Keywords: Physical activity, School, Change, Children, Determinants

关键词:体育活动，学校，改变，儿童，决定因素

Introduction

Despite the well-known health benefits of physical activity in children [1-3], activity levels are known to decline with age [4-8]. In the SPEEDY (Sport, Physical Activity, and Eating behaviours: Environmental Determinants in Young People) study, a longitudinal study of 9 to 10 year old British children which also forms the basis for the present analyses, a significant decrease in physical activity outside school was observed over a period as short as one year [9].

介绍

尽管大家都知道运动对健康的好处，但是儿童[1-3体育活动水平随着年龄的增长而下降[4-8]。在学校高效运动（体育、物理运动和饮食均衡习惯：年轻人的环境决定因素）研究中，通过纵向研究英国9到10岁的儿童，形成了目前的基础分析，在短短一年中他们显著减少了校内外的体育活动。[9]

To prevent such declines, it is important to identify potential causal factors that may be driving

them. Social-ecological models of health suggest that the physical and policy environment contexts are likely to be an important driver of general health related behaviours [10] and physical activity specifically [11].

为了防止这样的下降，识别潜在的因果因素趋势他们运动显得很重要。健康的生态模型表明，物理和政策环境在上下可能是关于一般的健康相关行为的一个重要驱动[10]，体育活动尤其是[11]。

Given that children spend much of their time at school during significant parts of the year, social-ecological models posit that factors relating to the physical and policy environments of schools may be important determinants of their physical activity levels [12].

鉴于孩子们在学校期间的时间是最长的，这是生态模型假设的重要部分，有关学校运动和政策环境因素可能是体力活动水平的重要决定因素[12]。

In two recent studies, features of the school environment have been significantly related to accelerometer counts in adolescent girls [13] and in primary school students [14]. Moreover, variation in physical activity between schools has been reported, with a distinction being apparent between those offering interschool physical activity programs [14]. Furthermore, cross-sectional positive associations have previously been observed between moderate and vigorous activity and the provision of school sports facilities and active travel infrastructure in the sample used for the present analyses (SPEEDY) [15].

在最近的两项研究中，学校环境的影响已经明显快速的在少女[13]和小学生中[14]发生。此外，学校之间被提出的物理运动和提供的校际体育活动项目之前的区别是很明显的[14]。值得一提的是横向研究观察到在被测学校中学校提供的体育设施和课间剧烈运动对于目前对校内运动的研究报告是十分有用的。

Whilst the current evidence suggests that the school may be an important influence on activity levels, the cross-sectional nature of many studies is a limitation. Previous studies found a decline of physical activity as children get older, continuing into adolescence and adulthood [9,16,17]. However it is not known what factors are associated with this decline and hence how to prevent it. Few studies have been undertaken that attempt to identify potential environmental determinants of changes of

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School related factors and 1yr change in physical activity amongst 9–11 year old English

Schoolchildren.

Joyce A Mantjes1,2, Andrew P Jones2,4, Kirsten Corder4, Natalia R Jones2,4, Flo Harrison2,4, Simon J Griffin3,4and Esther MF van Sluijs3,4*

Abstract

Background: Activity levels are known to decline with age and there is growing evidence of associations between

the school environment and physical activity. In this study we investigated how objectively measured one-year

changes in physical activity may be associated with school-related factors in 9- to 10-year-old British children.

Methods: Data were analysed from 839 children attending 89 schools in the SPEEDY (Sport, Physical Activity, and Eating behaviours: Environmental Determinants in Young People) study. Outcomes variables were one year changes in objectively measured sedentary, moderate, and vigorous physical activity, with baseline measures taken when the children were 9–10 years old. School characteristics hypothesised to be associated with change in physical activity were identified from questionnaires, grounds audits, and computer mapping. Associations were examined using simple and multivariable multilevel regression models for both school (9 am – 3 pm) and travel (8–9 am and 3–4 pm) time.

Results: Significant associations during school time included the length of the morning break which was found to be supportive of moderate (beta; coefficient: 0.68 [p: 0.003]) and vigorous (beta; coefficient: 0.52 [p: 0.002]) activities and helps to prevent adverse changes in sedentary time (beta; coefficient: -2.52 [p: 0.001]). During travel time, positive associations were found between the presence of safe places to cross roads around the school and changes in moderate (beta; coefficient: 0.83 [p:0.022]) and vigorous (beta; coefficient: 0.56 [p:0.001]) activity, as well as sedentary time (beta; coefficient: -1.61 [p:0.005]).Significant associations

Conclusion: This study suggests that having longer morning school breaks and providing road safety features such as cycling infrastructure, a crossing guard, and safe places for children to cross the road may have a role to play in supporting the maintenance of moderate and vigorous activity behaviours, and preventing the development of sedentary behaviours in children.

Keywords: Physical activity, School, Change, Children, Determinants

Introduction

Despite the well-known health benefits of physical activity in children [1-3], activity levels are known to decline with age [4-8]. In the SPEEDY (Sport, Physical Activity, and Eating behaviours: Environmental Determinants in Young People) study, a longitudinal study of 9 to 10 year old British children which also forms the basis for the present analyses, a significant decrease in physical activity outside school was observed over a period as short as one year [9].

To prevent such declines, it is important to identify potential causal factors that may be driving

them. Social-ecological models of health suggest that the physical and policy environment contexts are likely to be an important driver of general health related behaviours [10] and physical activity specifically [11].

Given that children spend much of their time at school during significant parts of the year, social-ecological models posit that factors relating to the physical and policy environments of schools may be important determinants of their physical activity levels [12].

In two recent studies, features of the school environment have been significantly related to accelerometer counts in adolescent girls [13] and in primary school students [14]. Moreover, variation in physical activity between schools has been reported, with a distinction being apparent between those offering interschool physical activity programs [14]. Furthermore, cross-sectional positive associations have previously been observed between moderate and vigorous activity and the provision of school sports facilities and active travel infrastructure in the sample used for the present analyses (SPEEDY) [15].

Whilst the current evidence suggests that the school may be an important influence on activity levels, the cross-sectional nature of many studies is a limitation. Previous studies found a decline of physical activity as children get older, continuing into adolescence and adulthood [9,16,17]. However it is not known what factors are associated with this decline and hence how to prevent it. Few studies have been undertaken that attempt to identify potential environmental determinants of changes of physical activity in children, and none have had a specific focus on the role of the school [18]. This is despite the fact that there is some evidence of the potential

of school based interventions to increase physical activity in children and adolescents [19]. Successful interventions have included the redesign of school grounds, and the provision of additional play equipment and lessons to promote healthy behaviours [19-21]. These studies highlight the potentially important role schools may play in changing physical activity, as well as their untested potential in preventing declines in the first place.

With the growing evidence for associations between the school environment and physical activity, it is timely to consider how observed changes in physical activity in child cohorts may be associated with school-related factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to build upon our previous cross-sectional work examining the schoollevel correlates of physical activity in SPEEDY [15] by investigating the relationship between school policy and environment-related factors, and 1 year changes in objectively measured school time physical activity in 9- to 10-year-old British children.

Methods

Study design amp; sample

SPEEDY was set up to identify determinants of physical activity and dietary habits in 9–10 year ol

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