消费者对网络购物的感知重要性及满意度外文翻译资料

 2022-12-16 11:36:03

Consumers Perceived Importance of and Satisfaction with Internet Shopping

SANG YONG KIM AND YOUNG JUN LIM

Abstract: In this study, focusing on the attributes of the Business-to-Consumer websites, we examine the relationship between consumersrsquo; perceived importance of and satisfaction with Internet shopping. We find that the factors of entertainment, convenience, reliability, information quality and speed are important for choosing shopping sites. We also find that the factors of entertainment, speed, information quality, and reliability are related to consumersrsquo; satisfaction with Internet shopping. In addition, one of our results suggests that the entertainment factor must be combined with good information in order to satisfy customers in Internet shopping. Among the above factors, we find that lsquo;information qualityrsquo; of the importance and lsquo;reliabilityrsquo; of the satisfaction are statistically significant for distinguishing buyers from non-buyers. We suggest some guidelines to improve websites for consumer shopping.

INTRODUCTION

As the number of websites increases rapidly, e-business marketing managers start to face severe competition. Making their websites attractive must be one of the first priorities for these marketers. Thus, it is better for them to understand how consumers evaluate the websites as well as their choices among the websites (Dallaert 2000; Misic and Johnson 1999; Simeon 1999).

In order to do these things, however, many companies often track only the technological characteristics in terms of site traffic such as keeping track of hits, page views, visits and so on. With these measures it is known that there exists some limitations for tracking actual consumer purchasing behavior and to assess the performance of the websites.

In order to understand consumers, other researchers approach this issue by benchmarking other websites, observing consumer behavior, surveying consumers, conducting experiments, and so on. These approaches pay more attention to the consumersrsquo; perception, attitude, and behavior than to the technological characteristics of the websites. For example, by explicitly asking consumers how much they like a certain website, Alpar (1999) developed an instrument to measure consumersrsquo; satisfaction with a website, which was operationally defined as a weighted sum of visitorsrsquo; attitudes to 17 items including response speed, navigation support, and so on.

In this study, similarly, we also examine consumersrsquo; perception of and attitude towards the Business-to- Consumer websites. However, instead of developing an instrument such as the weighted sum of importance and rating, we investigate the possible relationship between the consumersrsquo; perceived importance of and satisfaction with the attributes of the websites. Specifically, we ask consumers their perception of the importance for each attribute of the website and their degree of satisfaction with each attribute of the website.

Although there are several ways to define the satisfaction, in this study we follow Huntrsquo;s definition of customer satisfaction, lsquo;an evaluation rendered that the consumption experience was at least as good as it was supposed to be.rsquo; It is related to the companyrsquo;s performance in terms of how much it fulfils consumerrsquo;s needs and wants with its products and services. Kotler et al. (1996) investigated the relationships between customer importance and company performance in the 14 service elements of an auto- mobile dealerrsquo;s service department. The customer importance and the dealer performance are measured by a 4-point scale. Then, the researchers helped the company to know if it is under-performing on important elements and over-performing on relatively unimportant elements. Kotler et al. also suggest major directions for dealing with the elements in each section.

Similar to Kotler et al.rsquo;s 2 times; 2 matrix, we investigate the consumersrsquo; perceived importance of the elements from the perspective of consumer satisfaction.

Through a series of analyses shown in Figure 1, we found some interesting implications for managing websites. We first performed factor analysis to find the underlying constructs of the importance as well as satisfaction with Internet shopping. Then, based on the results of factor analysis, we examined the correlation between the importance of and the satisfaction with Internet shopping. In addition, using the discriminant analysis, we predicted whether a consumer would shop on the Internet. Finally, we suggest some guidelines for improving websites.

ANALYSIS

Data

In mid-November, 1999, using the convenient sampling method, we surveyed the residents of Seoul, the capital city of South Korea, for a week. The participants are mostly highly educated individuals from 20 to 40 years old. After excluding 34 unusable answers, we finally had 254 pieces of data for the statistical data analysis, using SPSSWIN 9.0. The details of the survey participants are summarized in Table 1. In this study, we asked the survey participants which attributes of the websites were important to them and how satisfied they were with the websitesrsquo; attributes when they shop on the Internet. The 14 attributes (listed in Table 2) were considered for the level of lsquo;importancersquo; and lsquo;satisfaction,rsquo; respectively, and measured by a 5-point Likert scale (with 5 meaning either very important or very satisfied and 1 meaning the opposite).

The descriptive statistics of the level of importance and satisfaction are shown in Table 2. First, we measured the reliability of the 14 variables. For the level of importance, the Cronbach a of 0.7274 was obtained, and for the level of satisfaction the Cronbach a of 0.8618 was obtained. Since a Cronbach a greater than 0.6 in general certifies reliability (Malhotra, 1993), we consider the variables i

剩余内容已隐藏,支付完成后下载完整资料


消费者对网络购物的感知重要性及满意度

摘要在这项研究中,我们基于消费者对B2C网站的态度,研究消费者感知的重要性和网络购物满意度之间的关系。我们发现,娱乐、便利性、可靠性、信息质量和网站速度是选择购物网站的重要因素。我们还发现,娱乐、速度、信息的质量和可靠性这些因素与消费者对网上购物的满意度有关。此外,我们的结果之一表明,为了使顾客在网上购物感到满意,娱乐因素必须和良好的信息结合。在上述所有的因素中,我们发现“信息质量”和“可靠性”对区分消费者是否满意来说很重要。我们为网站提供一些关于顾客消费的指导方针。

介绍

随着网站数量的迅速增加,电子商务营销人员开始面临严峻的竞争。市场人员的优先事项之一就是使他们的网站具备吸引力。因此,对他们来说,最好要了解消费者如何评价这些网站,以及他们如何在网站中进行选择。

然而,为了做这些事情,许多企业往往只追踪技术特征方面,如跟踪点击数、页面浏览量以及访问次数等。正是这些措施表明了商家在跟踪实际消费者购买行为,并且评估网站的性能方面存在了一定的局限性。

为了了解消费者,其他研究人员通过标杆其他网站、观察消费者的行为、对消费者进行调查实验等方法来处理这一问题。这些方法更注重消费者的认知、态度和行为,而不是网站的技术特点。例如,通过明确地询问消费者有多喜欢某个网站,何昕(1999)开发了一个仪器,用它在网站上测量消费者态度。这个网站在操作上被定义为参观者加权的17个项目,包括响应速度和导航功能的支持等等。

同样地,在这项研究中,我们也考察了消费者对B to C网站的认知和态度。然而,我们研究的是消费者感知重要性和对网站态度的满意度之间的可能关系,而不是开发一个工具,如重要性和等级的加权。

尽管有好几种方式来定义满意度,但在此研究中,我们遵循亨特的客户满意度的定义,“购物过程与购前期望进行比较,在与感受一致甚至超出期望时做出的评价结果 ”这多少满足了消费者的需求和对相关公司产品和服务的希望。

通过图1的分析,我们发现在管理网站方面的一些问题。我们首先进行因子分析找到关于重要性与网络购物的满意度之间潜在的联系。然后,根据因素分析的结果,我们研究重要性与网络购物满意度之间的相关性。此外,我们通过使用差别分析法预测消费者是否会在互联网上购物。最后,我们对于提高网站质量做出指导性建议。

图1 研究框架

相关分析

我们研究重要性和满意度影响因素之间的关系。首先,“娱乐”的重要性和满意度呈正相关。这种正相关性意味着,消费者的娱乐性不仅对选择购物网站很重要,而且对他们评估互联网站的满意度也很重要。换句话说,娱乐因素在购物网站的选择和网络购物是否满足消费者中起关键作用。这一发现与排名靠前的购物网站有些一致,那些网站的促销活动和游戏的公告很出名。因此,由于消费者往往是因为娱乐因素才满意,所以购物网站要提供娱乐来吸引和留住消费者。

接下来,我们发现在满意度方面的“信息质量”和“娱乐”之间呈正相关关系。这表明,信息本身是不足以满足消费者的。娱乐元素应该和良好的质量信息结合在一起,因为那些被娱乐因素满意的人想要“好的信息”。我们相信,只要产品和服务有足够广度和深度的信息,并且这些信息是正确和最新的,那么这样的信息就可以称为好的信息。一般情况下,许多企业开始举办促销活动(如免费礼品、抽奖、非货币性活动等等),以此来吸引目标消费者。然而,为了留住这些消费者,企业需要提供的远不止娱乐那么简单。这就是为什么消费者在网站上购物时想要获得有关决策的好的信息。因此,我们认为,想要让消费者在购物过程中得到满足感,“娱乐”元素必须有良好的信息((Bell 和 Tang 1998年)。最后,我们发现重要性区域中的“便利”和满意的区域中的“可靠性”这两者是呈负相关的。这就意味着,那些认为便利性很重要的人往往对可靠性不满意。同样地,在网络购物过程中,那些热衷于可靠性的消费者并不赞同便利性(Liang 和 Huang 1998年)。

因此,我们希望,互联网购物网站的管理者需要建立起消费者对他们的网站的信心。此外,他们需要使网站远离有关可靠性方面的麻烦——例如消费者的隐私、付款和送货的问题。为了使购物便利,企业应该提高自己网站的质量,同时,他们应该准备好一个系统,用于补偿消费者在可靠性方面可能出现的问题。

判别分析

我们检查已找到的那些因子是否能准确解释买家和非买家之间的差异。首先,判别分析表明,在网站属性的重要性中“信息质量”占比1%。也就是说,越多的消费者把“信息质量”看作一个重要的因素,他们通过网络购买商品的可能性就越大。这可能表明,想要更宽更深的最新信息的消费者通常会认为互联网是一个面向事务的媒体,而不是基于娱乐的媒体(Randall 1997年)。因此,对他们来说,通过互联网购买的概率更高,因为网络购物提供了高质量的信息。

另一方面,对网站属性满意度的判别分析表明,“可靠性”在区分买家和非买家方面占比1%。这意味着更多的消费者对网络购物的可靠性感到满意,他们通过因特网购买商品的概率越高。这可以解释为网络购物的发展取决于在可靠性问题方面它满足了多少消费者。 由于以前的一些研究表明,在购买体验后,消费者对可靠性的态度得到了改善(如Kim和Park 1999年),所以此次判别分析也说明了为非买家提供网络购物的机会是很关键的。

我们进行判别分析时同时考虑到了重要性和满意度这两方面。但是,我们并没有得到结论,因为Box的M检验表明,我们的样本违反了判别分析的基本假设,协方差矩阵在买家和非买家这两个群体之间是一样的。(即使有这样的结果,我们发现“信息素质”和“可靠性”对区分买家和非买家的特点很重要)。

结论

作为电子营销人员应该明白使网站更具有竞争力和使消费者更有利是很重要的。在这项研究中,为了消费者评估网站,我们考虑了两个维度。其中一个是网站属性的感知重要性,另一个是网站属性中的满意度。我们发现,娱乐、便利性、可靠性、信息质量和速度这些因素对在互联网上选择购物网站来说很重要。我们还发现,娱乐、速度、信息的质量和可靠性这些因素与消费者对为了购物的满意度有关。此外,我们的结果之一表明,为了使为了购物的消费者满意,娱乐因素必须和良好的信息进行组合。

我们进一步发现,“信息素质”在重要性方面和“可靠性”在满意度方面,对区分买家和非买家很重要。也就是说,为了提高网站质量,为消费者提供有用的购物信息和允许他们认为该网站具有高品质的内容是很重要的。另外,同样关键的是,要防止可靠性方面潜在的问题,包括消费者的隐私,付款和物流等问题。

虽然我们的发现是有用的,但是读者在推广我们的研究结果时需要持谨慎态度。我们只专注于消费者的感知的重要性和满意度。一定还有许多其他问题来评估网站。此外,我们的研究结果可能是对研究企业对企业这方面的消费者是无效的。例如,娱乐在这方面可能就不会成为问题。最后,由于互联网购物环境在不同的国家是很不一样的,因此数据和结果显示是相当离散的。韩国消费者在感知重要性和网络购物满意度方面和其他国家的消费者就有可能不同。此外,我们的消费者样本普遍向着高学历倾斜。因此,我们的结果应该被限制在一个普遍受过高等教育的细分市场。在今后的研究中,我们需要调查更多样化的群体,才能真正有效地代表市场。

在另一方面,我们的结果可能不那么严格,因为这一细分市场普遍教育水平更高,收入也较高,他们往往表现出很强的购买意向(Hoyer 和 MacInnis 1997年) 。此外,在该研究中提出的方法为理解消费者和网络购物做出了贡献。

剩余内容已隐藏,支付完成后下载完整资料


资料编号:[30646],资料为PDF文档或Word文档,PDF文档可免费转换为Word

您需要先支付 30元 才能查看全部内容!立即支付

课题毕业论文、外文翻译、任务书、文献综述、开题报告、程序设计、图纸设计等资料可联系客服协助查找。